Cruciferous Vegetable Guide: Why These Hormone- & Blood-Sugar-Friendly Vegetables Should Be On Your Plate

You know vegetables are good for you, but are all vegetables created equal? When it comes to disease-fighting, gut-health-promoting, blood-sugar-regulating, vitamin-packed goodness, there's one group of vegetables you can't beat: cruciferous vegetables. Part of the Brassica family, these veggies are so nutritious, experts like Michael Greger, M.D., author of the book How Not to Die suggest having a serving every single day as part of your recommended 2 to 3 cups of vegetables. So which vegetables are cruciferous, and what makes them so healthy? Here, we break down everything you need to know about this powerhouse group of vegetables:

Named for the cross shape their petals grow in, it turns out some of the trendiest (lookin’ at you, kale and cauliflower) and most delicious veggies are cruciferous. Here are some of our favorites:

Cruciferous vegetable have also been found to reduce the risk of other types of cancer, including colon, lung2, stomach, and rectal. Along with being a great source of antioxidants, researchers believe a compound found in cruciferous veggies, called glucosinolates, may be the key to their cancer-fighting capabilities. During digestion, the body breaks down glucosinolates3, which produce anti-carcinogenic compounds called indoles, nitriles, thiocyanates, and isothiocyanates4. These compounds have been found to prevent cancer growth and development5 by protecting DNA, initiating the death of damaged cells, inhibiting tumor formation, and triggering antioxidant activity. Just one more reason to munch on some cauliflower-crust pizza (topped with kale, of course).

Another way in which cruciferous vegetables may help diabetics manage their disease is through alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). ALA is a potent antioxidant found in cruciferous veggies that has been shown to lower blood glucose levels6. It can also help prevent and reverse diabetic neuropathy, a common symptom of diabetes. In multiple studies7, ALA supplementation was found to reduce pain and numbness and improve nerve function in patients with diabetes.

Beyond fiber, though, cruciferous vegetables offer specific gut-friendly benefits that boost the immune system. Research has found that a protein in leafy greens stimulates the production of crucial immune cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the gut. This is a prime example of how the microbiome, the immune system, and digestive health are intricately connected. The ILCs work with the microbiota in our gut to fight off "bad" bacteria in the intestines to ensure a favorable environment of "good" bacteria. The ILCs may also prevent food allergies, inflammatory diseases, obesity, and colon cancer. So by consuming cruciferous veggies like leafy greens, we can promote a healthy gut and a strong immune system.

Eating for heart health isn't all omega-3s and oatmeal—cruciferous veggies deserve some serious credit here, too. A meta-analysis of eight studies9 found that leafy green vegetable consumption reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease by 15.8 percent. This may be because cruciferous vegetables—like kale, broccoli, and collard greens—are a great source of vitamin K. There are actually two forms of vitamin K: K1 and K2. The K2 form of vitamin K plays a crucial role in bone and heart health. K2 vitamins bind with calcium in the blood to transport it to the bones for use. In turn, this keeps the arteries clear of calcium build-ups, which can be a risk factor for heart attack and stroke. In fact, a study of Australian women found an inverse relationship between cruciferous vegetable intake and arterial wall thickness, a measurement of plaque and calcium buildup. So it's not just your taste buds that love kale—your heart hearts it too.

We all know that vegetables are good for us, but sometimes it's really nice to know exactly why they are so healthy. Learning the science behind our leafy-green-rich diet can help motivate us to keep on meal prepping, hitting the farmers market, and shopping mostly in the produce section.